Introduction
Legislation concerning drones in France has undergone numerous changes over the years. In 2024 , several new rules and classifications have been put in place to better regulate the use of drones, whether they are intended for leisure or professional purposes. This comprehensive guide will explain in detail all the regulations in force, pilot obligations and authorized flight zones.
General regulations for drones in France
Legislative history
French legislation on drones began in 2012 with rules aimed at regulating this new emerging technology. Since then, laws have evolved to adapt to technological advances and new applications of drones.
Evolution of the 2024 rules
In 2024 , French regulations integrated European directives to harmonize the rules at the continental level. The new CE classifications and stricter requirements aim to ensure security and privacy while enabling wider use of drones.
Drone categories and CE classifications
Classes C0 to C4
Drones are now classified from C0 to C4 depending on their weight and equipment. Each class corresponds to specific rules concerning use and flight restrictions:
- C0 : Less than 250 grams, without camera or with a toy camera.
- C1 : Less than 900 grams, with data protection features.
- C2 : Less than 4 kilograms, with speed reduction devices.
- C3 and C4 : Less than 25 kilograms, with specific rules for drones without automatic control modes.
Drones must have a CE class indication to be able to fly in the open category from January 2024.
Authorized and prohibited flight zones
Specific restrictions
Piloting a drone is an activity requiring compliance with certain regulations. It is important to know the places where it is authorized to fly a drone and those where it is prohibited or subject to special conditions.
- Prohibitions : Flights are prohibited over sensitive areas such as nuclear power plants, military bases, prisons, sensitive factories, national parks, certain nature reserves, biotope areas near airports, etc.
- Classes C1 to C4 : It is prohibited to fly over people with a class C1 to C4 drone or with a drone weighing more than 250 grams without class indication.
To obtain information on authorized or unauthorized flight zones, it is advisable to consult the Aeronautical Information Service (SIA) or Geoportal .
Training and certification requirements
Certificate of competence
To pilot a drone, it is often necessary to have a Certificate of Competence . This certificate certifies that the pilot has the knowledge and skills necessary to use his drone safely.
Registration on Alphatango
All drones weighing more than 250 grams must be registered on the Alphatango platform of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGAC) . This obligation also applies to drones equipped with cameras , regardless of their mass.
Flight scenarios in France
The different scenarios S1, S2, S3 and S4
French regulations provide for several flight scenarios for drones:
- S1 : Direct view flights, at a maximum distance of 200 meters from the pilot.
- S2 : Flights out of direct sight of the pilot, up to a distance of 1 km.
- S3 : Flights near people, at a distance of 100 meters.
- S4 : Flights out of direct sight in remote areas, under strict conditions.
Each scenario has specific training, equipment and flight notification requirements.
Scenario S1: Line-of-sight flights (VLOS)
Requirements:
- Drone weight : Less than 25 kg.
- Maximum distance : Flights at a maximum horizontal distance of 200 meters from the pilot.
- Maximum height : 120 meters above the ground.
- Flight zones : It is prohibited to fly in populated areas or over gatherings of people.
- Training : The pilot must have a certificate of theoretical and practical training.
- Equipment : The drone must be equipped with a distance limitation device and a circuit breaker.
Context :
The S1 scenario is mainly used for leisure flights and some simple professional missions. It allows operators to maintain constant visual control over the drone.
Scenario S2: Flights beyond direct line of sight (BVLOS)
Requirements:
- Drone weight : Less than 2 kg.
- Maximum distance : Up to 1 km horizontal distance from the remote pilot.
- Maximum height : 50 meters above the ground.
- Flight zones : Flights in populated areas are prohibited.
- Training : Specific training for BVLOS flights, including risk management and emergency procedures.
- Equipment : The drone must be equipped with an independent circuit breaker and an automatic return system in the event of signal loss.
Context :
This scenario is used for missions where the drone must travel greater distances, such as inspecting pipelines or power lines. It requires advanced skills and additional equipment to ensure safety.
Scenario S3: Flights near people
Requirements:
- Drone weight : Less than 8 kg.
- Maximum distance : Flights at a maximum distance of 100 meters from the remote pilot.
- Maximum height : 120 meters above the ground.
- Flight zones : Permit in populated areas with prefectural authorization.
- Training : Specific training certificate, including urban theft management skills.
- Equipment : Equipped with a device for reducing impact force and sound and light signaling.
Context :
S3 flights are often used for public safety operations, film shoots, and urban surveillance missions. This scenario requires strict safety measures to minimize risks to people on the ground.
Scenario S4: Flights beyond line of sight in remote areas
Requirements:
- Drone weight : Less than 25 kg.
- Maximum distance : Not specified, but requires specific permissions for each mission.
- Maximum height : Variable depending on authorizations.
- Flight zones : Flights in controlled airspace with specific authorizations.
- Training : Advanced certification for flights in controlled airspace, including coordination with air traffic control services.
- Equipment : The drone must have robust communications systems and advanced safety features, such as parachutes or detect-and-avoid systems.
Context :
Used for complex and specialized missions like mapping large areas, S4 flights require detailed preparations and authorizations. These flights are often carried out by experienced professionals and use sophisticated drones.
Obligations of drone pilots
Respect of air rules
Drone pilots must respect the rules of the air and the air traffic code , in particular by avoiding flying near airfields, military zones, nuclear power plants, historical monuments, and national parks.
Protection of private life
It is crucial to respect people's privacy and image rights . It is prohibited to capture or broadcast images or sounds without the consent of the persons concerned, or to use them for commercial or malicious purposes.
Leisure drones vs professional drones
Definition and differences
The distinction between recreational drones and professional drones is made based on use. A drone used for professional purposes will be subject to stricter regulations, including the obligation to have a theoretical ULM pilot certificate .
Specific regulations for professionals
Professional drones are subject to specific obligations, such as flight authorizations, specific insurance and advanced safety devices.
New technologies and their impact on regulation
Geolocation devices
New regulations require the use of geolocation devices to avoid prohibited or restricted areas. These devices also help find the drone in the event of loss of control.
Distance limitation systems
Drones must be equipped with systems to limit the flight distance to a maximum of 500 meters or the range of the radio signal if it is less. This helps reduce the risk of loss of control.
Environmental and safety implications
Protection of fauna and flora
Drones must not disturb the fauna and flora , nor cause noise or visual nuisance . It is essential to fly responsibly to minimize environmental impact.
Safety of people and property
Safety is a priority in drone regulation. It is prohibited to fly over crowds, transport dangerous materials, or fly under the influence of alcohol or drugs. These restrictions aim to minimize the risk of accidents and protect people and infrastructure.
Sanctions for non-compliance with regulations
Fines and prison sentences
Failure to comply with the regulations can result in fines and imprisonment . For example, the illegal capture of images in sensitive areas can be punished by a fine of 75,000 euros and a prison sentence of one year. It is therefore crucial to know and respect the rules in force to avoid such sanctions.
Examples of Common Violations
Common violations include flying over prohibited areas such as nuclear power plants, military bases, and airports. Other frequent infractions concern failure to respect minimum distances from people and private property.
Resources and tools for drone pilots
Geoportal
Geoportal is an essential tool for drone pilots in France. It allows you to consult maps of authorized flight zones and air restrictions. You can also use apps like Drone-Spot , Mach 7 Drone , and FlyBy to plan your flights and check necessary permissions.
Useful apps and websites for flight planning
There are several apps and websites that make it easy to plan flights safely. Among them, DroneKeeper and Clearance offer detailed information on flight restrictions and weather conditions. These tools are useful for any drone pilot wishing to comply with regulations and avoid fines.
FAQ on drone legislation in France
What types of drones require registration on Alphatango?
All drones weighing more than 250 grams must be registered on Alphatango, as well as those equipped with cameras, regardless of their mass.
Can I fly my drone at night?
No, night flights are prohibited in France, except in specific cases and with specific authorizations.
What are the penalties for flying over prohibited areas?
Sanctions can include fines of up to 75,000 euros and prison sentences. It is crucial to check flight zones before each use.
What are the mandatory devices for drones in 2024?
Drones must be equipped with geolocation, distance limitation, and remote identification devices to comply with the new regulations.
How to obtain authorization to fly in a restricted area?
Authorizations must be requested from the DGAC or via the Alphatango platform. It is often necessary to justify the professional use or the importance of the theft.
Are drones weighing less than 250 grams subject to restrictions?
Yes, even drones weighing less than 250 grams must respect certain rules, particularly regarding flight zones and respect for privacy.
Conclusion
The regulation of drones in France in 2024 is complex but essential to ensure the safety and protection of all. As a drone pilot, it is your responsibility to know and follow these rules. Use available tools like Geoportal and flight planning apps to stay informed and avoid penalties. For more information and to discover our range of compliant drones, visit our online store .
